1920s


=The Roaring Twenties =

** The American Identity **


The 1920's was a period of a societal revolution and the beginning of modern America. The country had survived a world wide influenza epidemic and World War 1 in the previous decade; therefore, Americans discovered new ways of expression and of life. Some Americans dealt with their issues through the use of alcohol. The 18th Amendment, passed in 1919 prohibited the sale of alcohol, but this nation wide law did not stop citizens from drinking. Nightclubs called speakeasies were extremely popular, and dominant gangsters bootlegged the alcohol.

The 1920's was a constant battle between the New America and the Old-Aged Federal Government. Women became prominently influential in society. They drank, smoked, cut their hair short, applied makeup in public, and wore outlandishly revealing clothing for the time period. They also spoke openly about sex, politics, and alcohol. Although some were frowned upon, these new aged women open the doors for equality amongst men and women. The era, also named the Jazz Age, included the eruption of the popular African American genre "Jazz." With the new music came writing, movies, theatre, and art. Because of their phenomenal outbreak of culture and expression, African Americans became widely respected in America.

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 **African Americans ** =====


 * By 1920 African American population had nearly doubled in major cites of the North (Chicago, St. Louis, New York City, Philadelphia, Indianapolis, Washington DC, Detroit, Boston)
 * African Americans who stayed in south mainly employed as farmers.
 * February 20, 1920- National Negro Baseball League organized.
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Bessie Coleman- **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">first person to receive international pilot’s license and first black woman pilot and stunt aviator.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">“Shuffle Along”- Broadway play with all black cast.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">May 31, 1921- in **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Tulsa, Oklahoma **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> one of the worst race riots took place. 60 blacks and 25 whites killed during attacks in black section of town. KKK labeled as instigators.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Dr. Carter G. Woodson established Negro History Week in 1926 which would later become Black History Month.

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<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Harlem Renaissance **  =====

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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Harlem Renaissance was an expression of African-American social thought and culture which took a place in newly-formed Black community in the neighborhood of Harlem. By 1925 70% of Harlem was black owned. ===== <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">[] Langston Hughes, "Negro Poet Laureate," based his poetry rhythms on blues and jazz, creating the new form of jazz poetry. [] //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">"Jazz to me is one of the inherent expressions of Negro life in America; the eternal tom-tom beating in the Negro soul--the tom-tom of revolt against weariness in a white world, a world of subway trains, and work, work, work; the tom-tom of joy and laughter, and pain swallowed in a smile". //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> --Langston Hughes []
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">During the Great Migration of 1914-1918, many African Americans from migrated from the South to the nindustrial North for employment opportunities after World War I. One major city was Harlem, New York.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">flourished from early 1920 to1940 and expressed culture through visual art, including dance, music, theatre, literature, and poetry.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Instead of using direct political means, African-American artists, writers, and musicians used culture to work towards goals of civil rights and equality.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">for the first time, African-American paintings, writings, and jazz became prevalent in throughout the country and accepted into mainstream culture.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">challenged racial stereotypes and helped promote racial integration.(1)

Zora Neale Hurston, "Queen of the Renaissance," was a folklorist who also glorified the everyday black in her fiction. []

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Immigration Quota Act **
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> http:[|//www.history.com/minisite.do?content_type=minisite_generic&content_type_id=1460&display_order=1&mini_id=1459//]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">World War I proved economy could function effectively without foreign immigration.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Opposition to Immigration restrictions dissapeared.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Labor unions feared American worker's wages would decrease with high nimbers of unskilled immigrant workers working for less.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">bussiness men feared dangerous foreign radicals.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In 1921 president Warren G. Harding signs the Immigration Quota Act after immigration results in 590,971 people passing through Ellis Island at the end of World War I. “According to the new law, annual immigration from any country cannot exceed 3 percent of the total number of immigrants from a country living in the U.S. in 1910” (5).
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The National Origins Act of 1924 goes further, limiting total annual immigration to 165,000 and fixing quotas of immigrants from specific countries to 2% of each nationality group counted in the 1890 census. It also barred asians entirely.

**<span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Religion ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In the 1920s new religion movements and beliefs swept the nation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Following World War I, Americans sought optimistic and dynamic evangelists like Aimee to allow them to escape the anguish of the war.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">**Fundamentalism**
In the 1920s American Protestants returned to issues that were thought to have been resolved decades earlier, and the nation was faced with a series of clashes between people calling themselves Fundamentalists and their opponents, whom they called modernists. The fundamentalists "insisted on the literal truth of the Bible, a strict return to fundamental principles, and a thoroughgoing rejection of modernity." <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Fundamendalist doctrine attacked religions, especially Catholicism which it portrayed as agent of the Antichrist
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Between 1921 and 1929, Fundamentalists introduced 37 anti-evolution bills into 20 state legislatures. The first law to pass was in Tennessee.

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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">**Pentecostalism** Pentecostals rejected the idea that the age of miracles had ended. This idea "began on New Year's Day in 1901. A female student at Bethel Bible College in Topeka, Kansas began speaking in tongues, unintelligible speech that accompanies religious excitation. To many evangelicals, speaking in tongues was evidence of the descent of the Holy Spirit into a believer." By the 1920s Pentecostalism had become a popular idea throughout the nation as more Americans became aware of it. ===== <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> []<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">"Charismatic faith healers claimed to be able to cure the sick and to allow the crippled to throw away their crutches."
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Spread rapidly among lower middle-class and poorer Protestants who "sought a more spontaneous and emotional religious experience than that offered by the mainstream religious denominations."

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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">One of the most influential and prominent Pentecostal revivalists was Aimee Semple McPherson who founded the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel in 1927. =====

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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">[|//http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/la/scandals/aimee_older.jpeg//] =====

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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">"You may believe Aimee Semple McPherson to be a messenger direct from God Almighty to save His erring world. Or you may believe her to be the most unblushing fraud in the public eye today. Some do one, some the other; and there is every shade of opinion between. But the one fact that stands out is that her influence is incredible, that it carries as that of few evangelists has ever carried, that she is to-day one of the most amazing phenomena of power in this feverish, power-insane United States." =====

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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The grief, loss, and hard work from World War I made people ready for change. The "Roaring Twenties" brought this with "new economics," a new approach to the economic process, mainly under the leadership of Herbert Hoover. At the beginning of the decade, "the United States was converting from a wartime to peacetime economy. When weapons for World War I were no longer needed, there was a temporary stall in the economy. After a few years, the country prospered." =====

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Economic Gains **
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> []
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">America became the richest nation on Earth
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Consumerism reached its height and became accepted way of life
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The "flapper" epitomized consumerism with her makeup, ready made clothes, and cigarettes.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">New business and production methods allowed manufacturers to make large profits which led to new factories and wage increases.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Manufacturers and retailers offered instalment purchases which allowed buyers to items with series of payments.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">This allowed people to buy items previously only affordable to wealthy, including, cars, fridges, washing machines, pianos, vacuum cleaners, furniture, and radios.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">"About half of all instalment debt was for automobiles. It was estimated that 75 per cent. of all automobiles, 85 or 90 per cent. of all furniture, 80 per cent. of all phonographs, 75 per cent. of washing-machines, 65 per cent. of vacuum cleaners, 25 per cent. of all jewelry, and the greater part of all pianos, sewing-machines, radios, and electric refrigerators, were sold by partial payment."
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">"Purchases of houses, automobiles, radios, electrical equipment, and other durable goods led to never-before-seen increases in productive capacity."

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Increase in upper class **
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> The number of millionaires, as shown by Tax Reports by the Treasury Department, is reported to be: "21 individuals with an annual income of over one million dollars in 1921, 75 in 1924, and 207 in 1926. There were an estimated fifteen thousand U.S. millionaires in 1927, and at least one billionaire (cumulative nett worth), nearly four thousand of these living in New York, including three thousand living on or near Park Avenue." []



[]

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Economic loses **
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">[|http://www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/essays/cot/t2w29roaring20depress.htm]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Worker’s salaries increased but did not match the rate of the price increases
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">farmers were forced further into debt.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">National economics also suffered with income taxes being the lowest for those who were the wealthiest.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In 1924, immigration became limited, reducing the number of workers in the economy

"The Share Market climbed to dizzy heights as speculators bought on margin, and following well publicized successes, the general public joined in looking for easy profits. Shares could be purchased for a down-payment of 10%, the remainder of the price being financed by a loan from the share broker. When stock prices eventually slumped many investors had to sell shares to meet "margin calls" forcing share prices to drop further, exacerbating the problem and leading to the Share Market crash of October and November 1929." []
 * Stock Market Crash**

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Inventions **
"Mass production, combined with innovations in design and sales, drove prices down and made them more affordable." [] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Automobiles **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Henry Ford invented the assembly line and interchangeable parts which helped lower the price of automobiles.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In 1921 the Model T cost only $310
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">number of cars increased from 1 in 13 families in 1918 to 4 in 5 families in 1929.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">By 1925 10% of workers held job in production, sales, service, or fueling of automobiles.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">
**<span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Politics **<span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Americans desired to end segregation laws and labor issues, decrease immigration, promote christian values, and become less dependent of the government. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> Prohibition of Alcohol ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> http://prohibition.osu.edu/ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Election of 1920 ** http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h890.html <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Teapot Dome Scandal ** http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAteapot.htm <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The 18th Amendment made it illegal for the manufacture, sale, consumption and possession of alcoholic beverages.
 * <span style="line-height: 20px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">This was followed by the temperance movement, where mostly women declared that alcohol was the root of all domestic problems. Anna A. Gordon, President of the American and the World organization was quoted, we are "on the road to a dry world."
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Democrat: James Cox
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Republican: Warren G. Harding, won all states except for Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia and Kentucky.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">"America's present need is not heroics, but healing; not nostrums, but normalcy; not revolution, but restoration; not agitation, but adjustment; not surgery, but serenity; not the dramatic, but the dispassionate; not the experiment, but equipoise; not submergence in internationality, but sustainment in triumphant nationality" -Warren G. Harding
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">In 1921 President Harding took control over Naval oil reserves at Teapot Dome in Wyoming and in California. These reserves had previously been set aside for the Navy by President Taft. The order was transfered to the Secretary of the Interior, Albert B. Fall. He leased the Teapot Dome fields to Harry F. Sinclair, and the fields in California to Edward L. Doheny.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Doheny lent the Secretary of the Interior, Albert B. Fall $100,000. Also, when Fall retired, Doheny also paid him an immense sum of money. Harry F. Sinclair did the same.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Albert B. Fall was indicted for accepting bribes and conspiracy. His sentence included a $100,000 fine and a year in prison.

<span style="line-height: 20px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; display: block; text-align: left;">Senator and Secretary of the Interior, Albert B. Fall http://wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Albert_B._Fall_with_map_background.jpg/180px-Albert_B._Fall_with_map_background.jpg <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; text-align: left;"> http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/calvincoolidge/ <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">**The Scopes "Monkey" Trial** http://www.bradburyac.mistral.co.uk/tennesse.html [|http://cache.boston.com/bonzai-fba/Third_Party_Photo/2005/04/30/1114871142_5029.jpg] http://www.umass.edu/complit/aclanet/USMigrat.html <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">**Al Capone** <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> http://www.chicagohs.org/history/capone.html http://www.prairieghosts.com/capone6.jpg
 * Calvin Coolidge**
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Elected 1923
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">His first action as President was to remove America in foreign policy, make tax cuts, and provide less aid for farmers
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">He vetoed two farm relief bills, and stopped a plan to create electric power on the Tennessee River
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">He was called "actively inactive" in office.
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Tennessee v John Scopes
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">John Scopes was a high school biology teacher that taught the theory of evolution in his classroom
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The trial demonstrated the conflict between intellectual and social values
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">July 10, 1925 the trial was held in Rhea County Courthouse with a turn out of nearly 1,000 people
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The first trial to be broadcast over the radio
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Scopes trial did not end the argument of teaching evolution in schools. 15 states still had laws restricting the education of Darwin's Theory of Evolution
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Immigration Act of 1924 **<span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">President Coolidge passed a revision of Hardings immigration bill. The new act stated:
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">"The quota for immigrants entering the U.S was set at two percent of the total of any given nation's residents in the U.S as reported in the 1980 census;"
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">"after July 1, 1927, the two percent rule was to be replaced by an overall cap of 150,000 immigrants annually and quotas determined by national orgins as revealed in the 1920 census."
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The law was to welcome immigrants from Britain, Ireland, and Northern Europe, while restricting immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The law also ended the immigration of the Chinese because it refused immigration to those who could not obtain citizenship
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Dropped out of school in the 6th grade to join the Colosimo mob as an influential lietenant
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1925 Capone became boss of the mob, after leader, Torrio, retired to Brooklyn
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Capone held a feared reputation for a gangster, and was very influential in Chicago politics
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">February 14, 1929, the famous St. Valentines Day Massacre occured when members of Capone's gang dressed up as police and absolutely massacred members of "Bugs" Moran's gang with machine guns against a garage. 7 gang members were killed
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The U.S Treasury Department was developing a case against Capone under evidence on tax evasion carges. His two brothers were also under investigation.
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Capone pled guilty to the charges. He was found guilty and was convicted to eleven years in prison. He was fined over $60,000, and had to pay about $215,000 plus interest in back taxes

<span style="font-size: 19px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">**Culture**
**Flappers** http://history1900s.about.com/od/1920s/a/flappers.htm http://home.millsaps.edu/mcelvrs/flapper.jpg
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A new woman was born in the 1920s. She smoked, drank, danced, and voted. She went to parties, and took risks. These women were called flappers
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Women, like the men, did not want to return to following society's rules after the war; therefore, they were outspoken and risque for their era
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">They wore shorter dresses, exposed their knees, shins, arms and upper chests.
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Corsets were introduced
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">"The Bob" became extremely popular, and the general hairstyle of the flapper
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Flappers embraced their feminity but expressed their masculinity as well
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">They wore vibrant colors and accessorized with boas, jewelry and hats

**Music The 1920s music scene was all about the jazz. Much of it reflected the Harlem Renisance. ** http://www.newton.k12.ma.us/bigelow/classroom/moore/harlem/images/-Louis_Armstrong_.jpg http://library.thinkquest.org/C005846/categories/artliter/artslit.htm
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Joe "King" Oliver's Creole Jazz Band was the most popular in the 1920s
 * Edward "Kid" Ory was a trombonist that embraced the sound of New Orleans
 * Louis Armstrong was the first "super star" of jazz music
 * Bix Beierbecke was a smooth trumpet soloist. His music was very popular on college campuses
 * Jelly Roll Morton was also one of the first jazz musicians to travel the world and promote the New Orleans sound
 * Paul Whiteman was the king of symphonic jazz. He added flavor to jazz without becoming a jazz band
 * Duke Ellington was one of the most successful composers in the 1920s

<span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> http://www.allenisd.org/facstaff2.nsf/Pages/3465526C7D5B41E48625706F00595D05 <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> http://library.thinkquest.org/C005846/categories/sports/sports.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uS7Iq_I0i6M <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">**Speakeasies** <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> http://alliance.ed.uiuc.edu/cdrom/Hononegah/prohibition/speakeasies-s.htm **Globalization<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 63%; font-weight: normal;"> ** <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> League of Nations http://www.americanforeignrelations.com/E-N/Globalization-Disrupted-globalization-1914-1939.html http://www.japanfocus.org/data/3a.LeagueofNationsAssemblyin1932.jpg **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">**1.) The Harlem Renaissance was** **<span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> A. A women's rights movement B. An African american advancement movement C. A religious awakening D. A ban on all alcohol ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">**2.) Fundamentalists believed in** **<span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> A. A literal interpretation of the bible B. An advance in religion with the advance of science C. A spontaneous and emotional religious experience D. Religion was not as important as entertainment ** <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">**3.) The United States did not join the League of Nations because** <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A. President Wilson advised the country it would be their demise B. Congress was afraid that they would be attacked by foreign nations C. President Wilson was not involved in the writing of the Treaty D. Congress feared that joining the League of Nations would get them involved in unnecessary foreign wars <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> **4.) George Herman Ruth was a** B. Senator of Alabama C. A record breaking baseball player D. A member of the KKK ** <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">**5.) The immigration Act of 1924** A. Was Harding's revision of Coolidge's previous law] B. Welcomed immigrants from Eastern Europe and South America C. Discouraged immigrants from Eastern Europe, South America and China D. Placed a cap of 200,000 immigrants a year
 * I**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">**nventions** <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Band-Aid, Earl Dickson, 1920
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Hair Dryer, 1920. Women dried their hair by inserting a hose in the exhaust of a vacuum cleaner and blowing themselves dry
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Automobile with Combustion Engine, about 1920. This new model, "Model-T," invented by Henry Ford was found on the streets across America. This promoted the sale of automobiles and boosted the economy
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Kool-Aid, 1927, Edwin Perkins. The original flavors were cherry, lemon-lime, grape, orange, root beer, strawberry and raspberry
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Liquid-Fueled Rocket, 1926, Robery Goddard. His method of oxygen and liquid fuel propulsion only lifted his rocket 184 feet, but his idea is used in every modern day rocket design
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Lie Detector, 1921, John A. Larson, invented the polygraph while he was a medical student at the University of California
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Bulldozer, 1923, LaPlante-Choate Manufacturing Company. They based their idea off of Benjamin Holt's original design in 1885
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Traffic Light, 1920, William Potts. At the same time, African American, Garrett Morgan invented the automated traffic light
 * Sports**
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">William Tatem Tilden II was the first American to win a Wimbledon title in 1920. He wins again in 1921 and 1930.
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Steve Donoghue wins the derby for the third time in 1921. He won again in 1922, 1923, and 1925. He was named a champion jockey
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1921, Jack Dempsey fought Georges Carpentier from France. Dempsey was declared winner in the fourth round after knocking out Carpentier
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Johnny Weissmuller swam the 100m in 58.6 seconds beating the 1 minute record
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">1926, Gertrude Ederle swam the English Channel in 14 hours and 31 minutes, beating the previous male record. She also won three Olympic medals
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Babe Ruth broke the home run record in 1927. In 1919, for the Red Sox he hit 29 homers. In 1920 he hit 54, and 1921 he had 59. Finally in 1927, he beat his own set record with 60 homeruns
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Helen Wills won Wimbledon in 1927. She was inducted into the U.S Lawn Tennis Hall of Fame
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Speakeasies were underground saloons that opened at night to get around the Prohibition of alcohol
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">By the middle of the decade there were more than 100,000 speakeasies in New York City alone
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">With speakeasies, Americans found ways to avoid laws such as using flasks, false books, coconut shells, hot water bottles, and garden hoses to transport liquor
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">A man was caught trying to smuggle alcohol into the states in eggs. He drained out the eggs contents and filled them with liquor
 * =====<span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">World War 1 promoted American business overseas =====
 * =====<span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">War requirements offered a large demand for raw materials such as copper, iron and others =====
 * =====<span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Companies expanded globally =====
 * =====<span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Rubber companies created plants in Sumatra =====
 * =====<span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Sugar companies created plants in Cuba =====
 * =====<span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Meat packers created plants in South America =====
 * =====<span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Paper companies opened mills in Canada =====
 * =====<span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Oil companies opened mines in China, and the Indies =====
 * =====<span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">President Woodrow Wilson was disrupted in his plan for globalization when Congress did not pass for America to join the League of Nations =====
 * =====<span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The world's ideals began to split because of the Communist Party and Capitalism =====
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Multiple Choice
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> A. World champion boxer

How did Americans embrace life and rebel against the Government in the 1920s? **
 * Essay Question: